Saturday, October 31, 2009

Biggest studio mistakes and 14 ways to avoid them...

Number one for those without a lot of experience: not knowing the material.

When I was in school and engineering bands for free, I thought they were disorganized and confused because they weren't paying money. Then I saw folks doing the same thing on their own dime and I thought... wow.

Now, mind you, fooling around in the studio can be a lot of fun when there's not a time/money budget to deal with.

But if you need to get something done?
  • the band should know its material and have it arranged -- no, really
  • the band should have thoroughly practiced and have multiple practice recordings of the song in precisely the arrangement they will be recording it in
  • no last minute re-arrangements
  • no last minute lineup switch ups
  • there should be a hard, fast plan for what will be tracked live and what will be overdubbed
  • the band should give the engineer and producer, if any, lead sheets or lyric sheets with section notations already legibly on them so that he and the band can communicate about what's what and where they are in a given song
  • the engineer should talk to the band and figure out how they want to be arranged in the studio given his own understanding of the studio floor, drum room, gobos, localized acoustics (there's often a good/bad place for different instruments, even in a well-treated live room
  • the engineer should know what mics he's going to use on what and have them on stands, cabled up, signal-checked, out of the way at the edge of the room more or less so they can be brought in with a minimum of fuss
  • the engineer should have headphones ready to go with rough cue mix(es) for the musician
  • the engineer should have aligned and calibrated any tape machines that will be used
  • the engineer should make sure that the gear is warmed up and stable
  • the engineer or producer should try to assure that the musicians are relaxed and comfortable and should avoid making them self-concious or nervous
  • the engineer or producer should keep an eye on the attitude and attention of the band; don't let them get frazzled; don't let them go too long without food or fluids -- dehydration in the studio, particularly a hot, sweaty studio can be a real problem that sneaks up on everyone
  • the engineer or producer should keep an eye on any, ahem, performance preparations to make sure that no one, for instance, drinks too much coffee, smokes too many cigarettes, et cetra (and a half)

Friday, October 30, 2009

Music Biz Parasites

I can get a good head of steam up talking about the business side of the music biz.

The word bitter may well surface in some readers' minds.

It may not be an unfair characterization of some of my attitudes but I want to hasten to point out that I'm not bitter about my own career/participation in the industry. (For the most part. One label still does still owe me for engineering an album from 1984 that I'm pretty sure I'll never see, but I was working for a pittance and the album was done in a very short period so it didn't amount to much at all, ultimately.)

I made my own choices and I had a lot of great experiences and really few personal disappointments.

But what really pissed me off was seeing how musicians and songwriters get screwed as a matter of standard practice among many in the biz.

People make money in the music biz. Some people make a lot of money. Some people only get by. But by and large, everyone working in the biz makes sure he gets paid... except the musicians.

Musicians are the host animal that the parasites feed off.


My first up-close experience with the music biz was long before I had any personal involvement with it. Some friends got signed to a major label. First, though, the people engineering the signing had to engineer a "cutting of dead weight" -- ie, most of the band. It was a progressive rock band with a horn section and they were really interesting -- and really popular in their market. They were making a lot of money running hall shows on their own.

The producer (a very well known guy at the time who apparently still keeps a finger in the industry) who engineered the label deal started to work on them, trying to get the three main singers to 'fire' the rest of the band. (I was friends with the main singer. These three singers were also the bass, drums, and guitar -- but they were only allowed to play on a couple of 'throwaway' tracks as the producer brought in his own cronies to play almost everything -- padding that recording tab nicely.)

They were being pressured to 'fire' guys they'd played with since jr high, for the most part and resisted bitterly. Ultimately, though, the word came down, it was either fire the rest of the band or kiss the contract goodbye. So they did and it caused some real upheaval in what had once been a very close-knit group of old friends.

These three guys considered themselves serious songwriters.

But Mr Famous Producer had other ideas. He started penning tunes for them working with his pet lyricist. The stuff they came up with was beyond peurile. Treacly love songs with insipid rhymes. This had been a hard-rocking, jazzy, progressive rock band. And they were reduced to singing drivel. Ultimately, they were only allowed to write two songs and one of them was only on a single B-side, not on the actual album. (It was arguably the best song in the project, so I guess that was only natural.)

Somehow -- well, I think we can presume it was a liberal appliation of independent promotion money, ie, payola -- the designated single from the album ended up a number 2 single in Detroit for a short period, but failed to break from there.

The band was contracted for five albums but wanted out. They couldn't get out so made the best of it and went back into the studio. But Mr Famous Producer's attentions had moved on to other projects (he was getting married around this time to the sister of a then-white-hot rock-pop singer and was managing her career), even though he was locked in as producer. The album somehow got recorded, and, probably because Mr Famous Producer wasn't paying much attention, it was actually a little better, a little more credible as for an early 70s rock band. 

Not what the label thought they wanted. They sat on it. Finally shelving it and telling the band there'd be no future sessions.

But the band was still signed to the major label. They couldn't record under their band name or even their individual names -- not even as far as sitting in on pal's records under their own names.

And then there was the money.

The label wanted a lot of the advance money back. All those padded recording costs? Right out of the band's pockets.

After all that crap, the label sued the band for $18K (about $93K today)... but the guys, two of whom had little babies and had reluctantly taken day jobs, were all but penniless. So the label was awarded their PA, some amps, and their gig van by the court. They got to keep their own instruments.


So, you know, that was my first up-close view of the industry. When I got into it as a knobber, I was happily working on my own songs in my funky little 4 track rig on my own -- but after a couple of classes as part of my commercial music certificate confirmed that my friends' experience was hardly unusual, the very last thing on my mind was putting myself in the maw of such a beast.

And, sadly, working with a lot more struggling musicians, I saw the same things over and over. (In fact, one of my non-music-biz clients is a guy who was signed to two major labels and a major publisher who was a pretty big deal in the late 80s and early 90s in this market; albums were partially recorded, never released; his publishing and hundreds of his songs were completely tied up by the publisher for years until, right at the end of the 90s, the publisher sent a small packet of stuff to him and said, Well, your free, have a nice life.)

As a consequence, I've never sent so much as a demo of my own music to a label or publisher and I seriously doubt I ever will. As a consequence, I have never been screwed over by the music biz.

Small victory.

Thursday, October 29, 2009

Sitting on a rock in the sunshine playing guitar... musing on what it's all about

A long-time, part-time musician -- one of those sensible guys who kept his day job -- recounted recently in a recording bulletin board a short history of his long musical efforts, his recordings, the sensible limits he'd tried to place on his aspirations, but seemed to wonder, ultimately, what it was all for...


I've wrestled with many of these questions... ultimately, it depends on what you want out of music. If it's money -- there are a lot easier ways of making it, for the most part. Money isn't a very good reason to get into making music -- or engineering/production at this point, either, studios are closing and the ranks of un- and under-employed recordists is swelling every day.

It's similar to the period in the  50s when good, affordable professional-grade camera equipment became available. Suddenly, photography schools were popping up like flies, usually tied to government GI/student loan programs. It produced a big explosion of interest in more advanced forms of photography -- but the economic activity was typically restricted to fly by night schools taking advantage of government loan programs in a "glamorous" field, and the burgeoning ranks of under-employed photogs and would-be photogs simply devalued the services of the experienced, seasoned pros who had been making some kind of living.


I think you've got to look at some of the underlying value equations in your post... You find yourself wondering if it's all worth it... and, reasonably enough, you're looking for a measure of that worth. In this society/culture, one of the first places we have tended to look for valuation is in monetary.

If the search for valuation is restricted to money, I'm afraid the equation is pretty bleak.

But I'm betting that money was never the biggest motivator for you as you learned to play, write, and record. (Although, hey, you're human, you could dream, couldn't you? ;) )

But taking money out of the equation (at least partially) allows us to focus on other aspects of musical life where one does have a chance of finding satisfaction and a sense that it's not all wasted.

For some of us, just the simple act of playing is a big reward. Some folks bowl. Some folks do crosswords or watch TV. Musicians are lucky in that, at least sometimes, other folks may enjoy their efforts from time to time as well.

But becoming too focused on that external, social aspect can lead us away from the fundamental zen -- and the simple joy  -- of simply making music. There's the satisfaction of learning and honing one's skill... and there's the uniquely satisfying pleasure of doing something / making something that brings pleasure.

I remember one of the first times when I was learning to play when I sat on a rock in the sunshine and just played for the simple joy of it. There I was, for one of the first times, it seemed like, doing something that entertained me and I wasn't paying anyone an hourly fee or a subscription or sitting through a bunch of advertising. I was plunking on my $20 guitar and music was coming out. That was really something.


Still... man is a social beast. And we musicians may be driven in ways that crossword puzzle aficionadi and weekend bowlers are not.

Twenty-five years ago, one could set up a home recording setup for the equivalent of a couple thousand dollars today... but getting the music into folks' hands was pretty difficult. Distribution was largely tied up by big labels or sometimes equally thuggish indie distributors. You could put your tunes out on cassettes -- but that was slow and expensive and distro was typically hand to hand or maybe through personal relationships with local record stores who would take a few cassettes on consignment (out of friendship or just to keep you off their back).

Now, we have amazing avenues of replication and distribution. With a few clicks you can put your latest work right up on the web and folks can be hearing it right away. The trick once you're out there, though, of course, is as it has always been, getting the audience to meet you halfway... getting them to click -- and hopefully stay tuned through the whole song.

(Getting them to engage in an economic transaction, particularly in the current music paradigm, is a far more difficult proposition. It's an uphill slog and I think we can all see the shape of the bottom line in the mist: almost no one is really making much money at this outside of hard-working touring bands [point-of-performance sales are still one of the big drivers for sales of non-popstar music] and the heavily packaged and promoted product that the big companies gamble on pushing into the distro tube, typically at great cost in terms of advertising and "promotional considerations" [various forms of kickbacks, bribes and payola, not-quite-legitimized by the   notion that they are standard music business practice].)

Some folks will listen, most won't. A percentage of those who listen may like one's music, others won't. 

In the new online world of micro-indie music distribution, raw numbers aren't hard to come by, as a rule. But making any kind of reasonable sense of them can be.

I have a folkie blog/podcast filled with mostly quite impromptu (and often quite sloppy and occasionally really bad) versions of my songs. It's been going since 2005. When I started, I posted every day and, at the peak, I had 30-50 people visiting a day. Over the years, I accumulated around 400 recordings and those have been downloaded something   over 300,000 times. Does that mean 300,000 fans?  No, of course not. (It may well mean 299,999 folks screwing up their faces and stabbing at the skip button.)

In fact, over the years I've collected a number comments from visitors and listeners and readers. (My blog/podcast is a two-pronged fork,a little write-up, often in the form of a vignette or anecdote related to the song, an image, and links to the song in various forms). But you can count that feedback in the scores of comments or messages, certainly not even hundreds.

Still, we know most folks tend to listen anonymously.  In the so-called Golden Age of Television, network execs used the reckoning that every letter that actually came into corporate offices represented about 35,000 viewers. (This was before organized letter-writing campaigns and particularly latter day email campaigns made those equations all but meaningless.)

So, for those of us not getting out into the clubs and coffeehouses, putting it out there may be something of an act of faith.

As I paused writing the passage above, wondering where to go from there, Neil Young's "On the Beach" came up in my randomized playlist...

[quote]... I went to the radio interview
I ended up alone at the microphone...
[/quote]
Young repeats the line 3 times in a sleepily spooky voice, referring to a long-ago incident early in his career when, as I heard the story, he ticked off a late-night underground radio DJ   supposed to be interviewing him.

I'm left with that image of Young... late at night, alone, talking into a mic to... maybe no one.

To paraphrase one of my own, old songs, I don't want to go cosmic on you baby... but ultimately, isn't all communication ultimately based on faith? -- Faith that, somehow, someone will pick up the signals we're sending out and maybe, somehow, against all odds, suss out something vaguely parallel to what we meant to say?

We're all parallel lines... in theory, we'll all meet at infinity.

Until then, I'm sitting on this rock, in the sunshine, strumming my guitar...


Wednesday, October 28, 2009

Appropos of Just About Nothing: Vivaldi Bassoon Concerti


So I'm listening to a baroque mix on Rhapsody (it was supposed to be undistracting background music -- the joke's on me, apparently) and I hear this very neat thing (it's identifed only as "Allegro" and from, like, Vivaldi's Greatest Hits or something) that, after a second of triangulating (it's a double reed, not an oboe, probably not an english horn, probably not a contrabassoon) I figure it's a bassoon. And it's featured through the 5 or 6 minute movement, so I figure it's a concerto (which form Vivaldi, a little animated info box helpfully informs me, helped promote the popularity of).

Now, I've always liked Vivaldi, but I'm not one of those folks who studies up much on the composers. I'll scan the program notes at the symphony but, you know, I'm pretty much about the music. Once you've read about one great composer dying penniless and alone in squalor, you've pretty much read 'em all.

So I google 'vivaldi bassoon ...' And before I get much farther, Google's 'assistant' or whatever suggests "concertos" -- I'm thinking plural?

How many people write multiple bassoon concerti? Must have started out as a bassoonist.


I go a little farther, I finally find a listing for bassoon concertos, volume 1 and I'm thinking, well, probably more than two, even, then.

I go a little farther...

... and I see the phrase "Vivaldi's thirty-seven bassoon concerti..." I don't think I saw whatever it said after that...

Thirty-seven bassoon concerti.

Now my interest is whetted.

Wikipedia is my friend. It confirms the seemingly ludicrous 37 figure.

And I get to the bio... he was a priest ("il Prete Rosso" -- The Red Priest -- they called him, which has a rather sinister ring to me... but then I think anything to do with The Church is kinda sinister. Okay... musta been one of the celibate ones if he found time to write 37 bassoon concerti...  Wait... the Red Priest is celibate? I dunno. Seems unlikely, somehow. But that's neither here nor there.)

Oh, wait... he was a violinist?!?

Well, if he wrote all those bassoon concerti, how the hell many violin concerti did he write?

Two.


What. The. Hell.


[Continue on to the comments immediately below for a little intrusion of factual reality into my WTH moment... turns out my whole post above turns on a whopper of a factual error. Hint: Vivaldi's arguably most famous work, The Four Seasons, which is comprised of four violin concerti, blows that violin concerto count out of the water right off the top -- and it doesn't stop there, by any stretch... Oh well. PS... The erroneous info in Wikipedia has since been corrected. And that is the beauty of Wikipedia. If that erratum had been in a print encyclopedia, it would have been there 'til the pages turned to dust. But one does have to keep one's eyes open... that two violin concerti thing should certainly have caused me to poke a little farther.]

There's Out-of-Tune and Then There's Auto-Tune

One thing that a lot of folks seem to continually miss is that the 12 Tone Equal Temperament intonation system is -- by necessity -- out of tune with itself.

Out of 12 equally tempered tones, eight are more than 10 cents out of tune from perfect harmony! (Depending on harmonic context.)

That's right -- that same 'perfect' little grid you see in A-T or other vocal retuners incorporates intervals which are all -- except for octaves -- varying degrees out of tune.

The upshot is that those particularly oriented to the slightly out 12TET intervals may interpret a technically accurate singer as being "out of tune" -- particularly if the musical arrangement is poorly crafted and juxtaposes equally tempered instruments with hold-tones (notably synths and organs) against a singer who might be singing the true interval. Contextually, most of us will leap to the conclusion the singer is out of tune when, in fact, the singer may actually be singing the proper interval.


12TET is an amazing accomplishment in some ways, allowing us to have 12 fixed tones that approximate the true tone relationships in any key. It made modern western music, including the piano and guitar and other 12TET instruments, possible and workable. (12TET is not the only intonation system available or possible, but it serves as something of a central standard.)


But it also means that all the intervals except the octaves are out of tune. Perfect fourths and fifths are only 2 cents out -- but a minor 7th may be seen as as much as 31 cents out. And, as I noted above, 8 of 12 tones are more than 10 cents out.

Here's a chart that shows the true ("just"), mathematically correct and purely harmonious intervals contrasted with the 12TET 'approximations' with the differences in the far right column:

Equal temperament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


So... next time you're dragging what your eye tells you is an out of tune vocal snip onto the grid, keep in mind: you may be dragging that vocal out of tune with itself. (But then, you may have to -- in order to get it to play nice with keyboards or long guitar notes or chords. It's a tricky business, no question. But the bottom line is that most folks don't get it, don't have the first clue as to what really goes into intonation.)

Friday, October 16, 2009

Where did music come from?

A recent thread at recording/music site GearSlutz indirectly seemed to ask the question of from just where did music come into human life and culture? I found myself writing this:

I think the answer, in part, lies with how our nervous systems evolved. The auditory system is in large part about spatial mapping... placing the organism within a given space, as well as tracking potential threats or prey within that space.

Watch an animal like a dog or cat and how they respond to their acoustic environment.

Introduce a new sonic element and they're on alert until they can determine whether it might represent a threat.

Reiteration of sounds -- and the rhythms of that reiteration -- are a key aspect that canny animals must be at least subconsciously aware of.

Rhythmic sounds tend to carry more weight because they typically signal that the source is animal, rather than environmental (the wind in the trees may have chaotic rhythms, but it's nothing like the threatening beat of a large animal coming toward one).

But pitch is almost equally important... what's more threatening, the low frequency roar of a lion, or the twittering of a meadow lark? (OK, cheap example, but you get the drift. )

As human circumstances improved and we had to be less attuned to sound for survival's sake, we were left with a big, under-used center of the brain... like a traveler doing crosswords in a terminal, early man probably tickled the auditory system in the brain by intentionally making various noises, particularly rhythmic noises.

Wednesday, October 14, 2009

The Death of Auto-Tune... Rumors of its demise greatly exaggerated?

A long thread on the media's new found attention to Auto-Tune over in Craig Anderton's forum (The Death of Auto Tune), with hundreds of posts from the same people, going back and forth over the same positions (it's kind of fun, like watching a whole lot of lab rats -- one of them this writer -- with chemically induced OCD running interlocking repetitive patterns in the maze), provoked me to set my own, strictly personal perspective into a sort of bullet point thumbnail.

Without further ado, as though it mattered or anyone cares (it doesn't, they don't -- why are you even reading this?):

With regard to Auto-Tune and other forms of vocal pitch-correction, I...
  • consider it a form of correction (not enhancement like EQ or reverb), farther down, but on the same slippery slope as mutiple takes, punching, vocal "aligning," comping, even compression (after all, it makes up for lack of dynamic control, poor mic technique, etc)
  • despise the sound of it -- whether as an artifact of clumsy correction or from its use as an effect (T-paining)
  • think anyone who uses it for correction better not leave even the slightest wrenchmark, since it says to the listener: Someone either can't sing or is to lazy too bother doing a good job
  • think that folks who don't understand Equal Temperament 'out-of-tuneness' should definitely study up before they start giddily dragging everything smack onto the grid
  • have no problem with the general concept of correction although, informally, I share the what are we coming to response of many -- I mean, c'mon, people, it's just singing... it's almost always quicker to sing it right in a few passes or punches than it is to do a good job of pitch-wrangling it
__________________

Saturday, October 10, 2009

Recently in an internet recording forum, someone asked about an old Radio Shack mic they had found, asking what it might be good for, getting a range of responses. Mine was:
You can use it for anything it works for you for. (Sorry about that awkward preposition stack.)

By that I mean to suggest that the best way to figure out what it's good for is to explore its use yourself.

The rest of us here don't have this mic in their hands and probably have never used one, and while some might feel like they can make a summary judgment about the mic without actually knowing anything about it, based solely on its Rat Shack origins, I would say the best way to find out about it is to use and experiment with it.

That said, as you might surmise from others' comments, there's reason to believe based on the usual run of Realistic/Radio Shack products that it is highly unlikely to be what most of us might consider a good mic. But it might well be the perfect mic for some specific use.

First person experimentation and exploration the best way to learn about different mics.
To that, someone replied "Well said..." and I added:
I basically say the same couple of things over and over, so I've refined my message to some extent.

The internet makes it much easier to get a recording education (which is great because the explosion of super-cheap recording gear has meant an explosion in home recording by multiple factors of ten... much like the introduction of the simple box camera a century or so ago put photography in hands of regular joes and janes).

But it also has made it easier for understandably overwhelmed newbs to get bobbled and just throw up their hands and post myriad variations on the perennial Just tell me what to do! post. (Just tell me what preamp/mic/compressor/DAW/etc... How do I get the sound of this record? How do I make my recordings/mixes sound less small? How do I...? Etc.)

And it's my thinking that this is a Give a man a loaf of bread and he eats for a day; teach a man to fish and he eats for a lifetime kind of thing.

It is confusing and frustrating. But a lot of learning -- even for those going to school to learn recording (my advice: go to an affordable community collge; make sure you have a viable day job, you're going to need it) simply comes down to working and experience, trial and error and other experimentation.

I did go to school to study recording -- but what I was really doing was going to school to get access to recording gear and it was observation and direct experience which mostly taught me. (Good thing, too, since a year or so after I started, I, the teacher, and a few others from the recording program went to a nearby community college with a well-established program with a very good rep -- this was the early 80s and there were few -- and we all took the entrance test that would weed the several hundred applicants down to the 50 or so who would be admitted to the program. Both my teacher and I passed, though others did not. But I bested my teacher's score on the entrance test to the other school by more than a few points. A nice guy in many ways, he thought he knew more than he did. And it showed when he did things like try to teach people to mix with trim pots instead of faders.)

Friday, October 9, 2009

Brave new markets...

From musician/recording/music biz site, Harmony Central:
Phil O'Keefe wrote:

Are magazine publishers making the same mistakes major labels did?
IOW, relying on outdated models and failing to develop new paradigms in the digital age?

I thought this article was interesting, and I think there are some similarities there.

http://blogs.moneycentral.msn.com/to...n-digital.aspx

Thoughts?
Others added their observations; I responded:
This genie don't go back in that little bottle.

I think folks who think the magazine industry can continue to cling to the all or nothing for a year subscription model are fooling themselves.

But until we as an economic system finally have a practical and efficient micropayment system in place, the true nature of the wired economy will be stymied and stunted.

Only when you can have a payment efficiency that makes very small transactions/payments possible and viable will a truly efficient wired economy take shape.


Of course, the implications and consequences of such a system are utterly terrifying to many interests vested in today's ineffecient and turgid transactional models.
Lee Knight responded:
Absolutely!
Ever the optimist, I added:
Well, be careful what you wish for.

When such a system is finally in place (various micropayment-like systems are already in use in local economies in some parts of the world) and accessible to all, it will almost surely mean an end to much of the free content out there... as content providers vie to find new, sustainably viable market equilibria.

Brave new economies are coming... someday.

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